Steam-turbine.



No. 767,689. PATENTED AUG. 16, 1904.

P. J. HEDLUNIL.

STEAM TURBINE.

I APPLICATION FILED JUNE 13. 1903.

N0 MODEL. r 2 SHBETS-SHBET 1.

INAVENTOR l 6;? ir/0; imam? w ATTORNEY PATENTED AUG. 16, 1904.

" P. J. HEDLU-ND.

STEAM TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED JUN E 13, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR UNITED STATES Patented. August 16, 1-904.

PATENT OFFICE.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFIGA'IIQN forming p art of Letters Patent N 0. 767,689, dated August 16, 1904.

Application iiled June 13,1903. Serial No. 161,327. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PER J OHAN HEDLUND, of Stockholm, Sweden, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to a compound elastic fluid turbine; and it-consists in the construction hereinafter described whereby the absolute velocity of the working fluid before entering each wheel of the compound series is rendered a-rnaximum and the corresponding pressure a minimum, while the outlet velocity' is made a minimumand the pressure a maxlmum, theob ect be ng at each stage to store the energy which has not been transformed into work in each successive wheel.

f In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical lohgltudlnal section of my improved compound turbine, showing two units and each forming a unit in the compounded series.'

Thus a wheel is shown at 6, another at 7, and

part of a third at 8. Between the successive wheels are interposed fixed partitions 9 and'lO,

through which partitions the shaft 2 passes.

In each wheel near the circumference is an annular opening 11, the width of which measured radially the wheelinc reases from inlet 12 to outlet 13. In the fixed partitions are annular openings .14, the width of which similarly measured decrease frorn'inl'et [-0 outlet 16. The width of the outlet 13 of each .wheel may be equal. to the width of the inlet 15 of each partition.

The width of the outlet 16 of each partition may be equal to the width of the inlet-12.01 the wheel into which it delivers working fluid.-

In the-,gannular opening ltl of each wheel are disposed the wheel-buckets, only three of which are here shown at 17 18 19. These buckets are of like curvature and parallel. In the annular opening '14 of each partition are disposed guide-blades (only three here shown) 20 21 22-.- The intervals separating these guide-blades 2O 21 22 equal the intervals separating the. buckets 17 18 19. i

Communicating with the chamber 5 isan annular opening 23, which is contracted from its inlet 24 to its outlet 25. In said opening are disposed parallel guide-blades 26.

The working fluid passing through the opening 23 and between the guide-blades therein acts by impact upon the buckets of wheel 6 and then goes to passage 14, wheel 7, and so on through the wheels and intermediate passages, thus causing rotation of the wheels.

As the wheels areof the impact type, the absolute velocity of the fluid before entering each wheel of the series should be a maximum and the corresponding pressure should be a minimum. The absolute outlet velocity should be a minimum, which can be accomplished by -making the pressure at this point a maximum, thus storing the energy which has not been transformed into work in' the wheel. This is achieved by the construction shown.

The operation is graphically shown in Fig. 3, in whicl'llthe curves a in full lines indicate changes in pressure and the curves 7) in dotted lines changes in velocity. The working fluid moves in the direction of the axis 0 a1, and the rise and fall of pressure and velocity are indicated'with respect to the axis 0 y at right angles to 0 00. The dotted lines 0 d, c f, &c.,. show the points in wheels and easing where the velocity and pressure. relations hereinafter noted take place. Following the line a, representing pressure, it will be seen that this is at a minimum at the points A, which correspond to the contracted passages 25 16, and at a maximum at points B, which correspond to the wheel-outlets 13. The line I), repre senting velocity, on the other hand, shows a maximum at A and minimum at B. Hence at entrance-points A there is maximum velocity and minimum pressure and at outletpoints B minimum velocity and maximumpressure.

l claim- I bine of the axial-flow type having a passage for working fluid and buckets therein, of means for increasing the velocity and reducing the pressure of-the fluid prior to ent ring said passage and means for reducingthe velocity and increasing the pressure within said passage and for reducing the pressure and increasing the velocity of the exhaust.

2. The combination of two elastic-fluid turbines, disposed in series each having a passage grzulually expanding from entrance to outlet in the direction of fluid-flow and buckets in said passages, of means interposed between said wheel" for increasing the velocity and rei'luciug the pressure of the exhaust of one wheel prior to its entrance to the other wheel. 1

.3. The combination in an elastic-fluid turbine of the axial-flow type, of a wheel having an annular passage gradually expanding from inlet to outlet in the direction of fluid-flow and buckets therein, a wall on the inlet side of said wheel having an annular passage with its outlet registering with the wheel-inlet,.

and a wall on the outlet side of said wheel having an annular passage gradually dimin- *itnesses: v

W M. A. FURMAN, E. R. TAYLOR. 

